Powell Likely to Signal No Rate Change 05/01 06:10

   After three straight hotter-than-expected inflation reports, Federal Reserve 
officials have turned more cautious about the prospect of interest rate cuts 
this year. The big question, after they end their latest policy meeting 
Wednesday, will be: Will they still signal rate cuts at all this year?v

   WASHINGTON (AP) -- After three straight hotter-than-expected inflation 
reports, Federal Reserve officials have turned more cautious about the prospect 
of interest rate cuts this year. The big question, after they end their latest 
policy meeting Wednesday, will be: Will they still signal rate cuts at all this 
year?

   Wall Street traders now envision just a single rate cut this year to the 
Fed's benchmark rate, now at a 23-year high of 5.3% after 11 hikes that ended 
last July. Traders have sharply downgraded their expectations since 2024 began, 
when they had expected up to six rate cuts.

   As recently as the Fed's last meeting March 20, the policymakers themselves 
had projected three rate reductions in 2024. Rate cuts by the Fed would lead, 
over time, to lower borrowing costs for consumers and businesses, including for 
mortgages, auto loans and credit cards.

   Most economists say they still expect two cuts this year. But many 
acknowledge that one or even no rate reductions are possible. The reason is 
that elevated inflation is proving more persistent than almost anyone had 
expected. According to the Fed's preferred gauge, inflation reached a 4.4% 
annual rate in the first three months of this year, up from 1.6% in the final 
quarter of 2023 and far above the Fed's 2% target.

   At the same time, the economy is healthier and hiring is stronger than most 
economists thought it would be at this point. The unemployment rate has 
remained below 4% for more than two years, the longest such streak since the 
1960s. During the first quarter of the year, consumers spent at a robust pace. 
As a result, Chair Jerome Powell and other Fed officials have made clear that 
they are in no hurry to cut their benchmark rate.

   In his most recent remarks two weeks ago, Powell indicated that the pace of 
price increases had essentially undercut Fed officials' confidence that 
inflation was steadily heading back to their target, thereby making rate cuts 
anytime soon less likely. He also said the Fed would forgo any rate cuts as 
long as inflation remained elevated. He stopped short, though, of suggesting 
that any new rate increases were under consideration.

   "If higher inflation does persist," the Fed chair said, "we can maintain the 
current level of (interest rates) for as long as needed."

   Most economists expect Powell to reinforce that message during the news 
conference he will hold after the Fed's meeting ends Wednesday. But he could go 
still further.

   During his last news conference in March, for example, Powell said the Fed's 
rate was "likely at its peak" and that, "if the economy evolves broadly as 
expected, it will likely be appropriate" to start cutting rates this year.

   If Powell avoids repeating that sentiment this time, it could suggest that 
the Fed is less likely to reduce its benchmark rate this year.

   "If that (message) is dropped, I think it would be a much stronger signal 
that we have to hold rates higher for longer," said Jonathan Pingle, chief 
economist at UBS.

   Though economic growth reached just a 1.6% annual pace in the first three 
months of this year, a slowdown from the previous quarter, consumer spending 
grew at a robust pace, a sign that the economy will keep expanding.

   That persistent strength has caused some Fed officials to speculate that the 
current level of interest rates may not be high enough to have the cooling 
effect on the economy and inflation that they need. If so, the Fed could even 
have to switch back to rate increases at some point.

   "I continue to see the risk that at a future meeting we may need to increase 
(rates) further should progress on inflation stall or even reverse," Michelle 
Bowman, a member of the Fed's Board of Governors, said in early April.

   On Wednesday, the Fed may also announce that it's slowing the pace at which 
it unwinds one of its biggest COVID-era policies: Its purchase of several 
trillion dollars in Treasury securities and mortgage-backed bonds, an effort to 
stabilize financial markets and keep longer-term interest rates low.

   The Fed is now allowing $95 billion of those securities to mature each 
month, without replacing them. Its holdings have fallen to about $7.4 trillion, 
down from $8.9 trillion in June 2022 when it began reducing them.

   By cutting back its holdings, the Fed could contribute to keeping 
longer-term rates, including mortgage-rates, higher than they would be 
otherwise. That's because as it reduces its bond holdings, other buyers will 
have to buy the securities instead, and rates might have to rise to attract the 
needed buyers.

   During its meeting in March, Fed official agreed to reduce the pace of its 
runoff to about $65 billion a month, according to the meeting minutes.

   The Fed last reduced its balance sheet in 2019, and while doing so it 
inadvertently disrupted financial markets and caused short-term interest rates 
to spike that September. Its goal in slowing the pace at which it reduces its 
bond ownership is to avoid a similar market disruption by moving more 
methodically.